Solar panels (solar plates) are primarily made from the following materials:
1. Photovoltaic (PV) Cells
- Silicon (Si) – The most common material, used in different forms:
- Monocrystalline Silicon – High efficiency, expensive.
- Polycrystalline Silicon – Moderate efficiency, cost-effective.
- Thin-Film (Amorphous Silicon, CdTe, CIGS) – Flexible, lightweight, lower efficiency.
2. Encapsulation Layer
- Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) – Protects solar cells from moisture, dust, and mechanical damage.
3. Glass Cover
- Tempered Glass – Provides strength, durability, and UV protection.
4. Back Sheet
- Polymer Materials (PVF, PET, TPT, or Tedlar) – Offers insulation and weather resistance.
5. Frame
- Aluminum Alloy – Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and strong.
6. Junction Box & Wiring
- Copper Wiring – Conducts electricity.
- Silver Paste – Enhances conductivity within the PV cells.